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Encrypted incremental ZFS snapshots from `zdata` pool backed up daily to **AWS S3 Glacier Deep Archive** via cron. Scripts adapted from FreeBSD Home NAS setup. Also performs periodic zpool scrubbing.
+The **`zusb` quarterly backup** (`/opt/snonux/bin/backup/backup`, which travels on the `zusb` pool — see [USB Key Mounting](usb-keys.md) → "Removable backup pool (`zusb`)") also uploads to the same S3 Glacier Deep Archive bucket (`s3://org-buetow-backup/<host>/`). Both workflows need the AWS CLI on the host that runs them.
+
+### AWS CLI setup on a FreeBSD host
+
+Install the `awscli` package. The Python flavor depends on the FreeBSD version:
+
+```sh
+# FreeBSD 14.x (e.g. t450)
+# py39-awscli-1.29.81
+# FreeBSD 15.x (e.g. f1, f-hosts)
+# py312-awscli-1.42.44
+sudo pkg install -y py312-awscli # adjust py3XX to what pkg search -q awscli shows
+```
+
+Wire `/root/.aws` (the backup script runs `aws` as root). The **credentials ride on the `zusb` pool** at `/opt/snonux/secrets/aws.credentials` (INI: `[default]` + `aws_access_key_id` + `aws_secret_access_key`), so on any host that has `zusb` imported (i.e. `/opt` mounted) you only need the config file and a symlink — the secret is not duplicated on host disks and is not in git:
+
+```sh
+sudo mkdir -p /root/.aws && sudo chmod 700 /root/.aws
+printf '[default]\nregion = eu-central-1\n' | sudo tee /root/.aws/config >/dev/null
+sudo chmod 600 /root/.aws/config
+sudo ln -sf /opt/snonux/secrets/aws.credentials /root/.aws/credentials
+```
+
+Because the credentials are a symlink into `/opt` (`zusb/data/opt`), `aws` only resolves them while `zusb` is imported on that host. That is fine for the quarterly backup workflow (load `zusb` → run backup → export `zusb`); it is **not** suitable for the `zdata` daily-cron S3 backup on an f-host that does not normally have `zusb` imported — that host would need its own credentials copy (out of scope here).
+
+Verify (read-only):
+
+```sh
+aws --version
+aws sts get-caller-identity # expect Arn arn:aws:iam::634617747016:user/org-buetow-backup-user
+aws s3 ls s3://org-buetow-backup/ # expect the per-host prefixes (e.g. t450/)
+```
+
+Installed 2026-07-20 on f1 (`py312-awscli-1.42.44`), matching the t450 setup (`py39-awscli-1.29.81`, same `/root/.aws/config` region and the same credentials symlink).
+
## Local-Path Storage for SQLite Workloads
Some k3s workloads use `local-path` (k3s default storageClass) instead of NFS for