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diff --git a/scripts/immich-upload b/scripts/immich-upload
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+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Upload images to Immich, skipping duplicates via SHA1 checksum.
+# Usage: immich-upload <file_or_directory>
+#
+# If <file_or_directory> is a single file, upload just that file.
+# If it is a directory, recursively find all image files and upload them.
+# Duplicates are detected via the bulk-upload-check API before uploading.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+IMMICH_URL="http://immich.f3s.lan.buetow.org"
+API_KEY_FILE="$HOME/.immich_paul_key"
+
+# Supported image extensions (case-insensitive)
+IMAGE_EXTENSIONS='\.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|webp|heic|heif|raw|cr2|nef|arw|dng|tiff|tif|bmp)$'
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Helpers
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+die() { echo "ERROR: $1" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+warn() { echo "WARN: $1" >&2; }
+
+info() { echo "==> $1"; }
+
+# Compute SHA1 (hex, lowercase) for a file.
+file_sha1() {
+    sha1sum "$1" | awk '{print $1}'
+}
+
+# Extract fileCreatedAt and fileModifiedAt from exiftool if available,
+# otherwise fall back to filesystem timestamps.
+# Output is ISO 8601 with milliseconds, e.g. 2024-01-15T10:30:00.000Z
+file_timestamps() {
+    local path="$1"
+    local created modified
+
+    if command -v exiftool &>/dev/null; then
+        # Try to get DateTimeOriginal first, then CreateDate, then FileModifyDate
+        created=$(exiftool -s3 -DateTimeOriginal "$path" 2>/dev/null || true)
+        if [[ -z "$created" ]]; then
+            created=$(exiftool -s3 -CreateDate "$path" 2>/dev/null || true)
+        fi
+        if [[ -z "$created" ]]; then
+            created=$(exiftool -s3 -FileModifyDate "$path" 2>/dev/null || true)
+        fi
+        # exiftool returns something like "2024:01:15 10:30:00" or
+        # "2024:01:15 10:30:00+03:00" with timezone offset.
+        if [[ -n "$created" ]]; then
+            # Strip timezone offset if present, replace colons with dashes for date part,
+            # replace space with T, append .000Z
+            created=$(echo "$created" | sed -E 's/([0-9]{4}):([0-9]{2}):([0-9]{2})/\1-\2-\3/; s/ /T/; s/[+-][0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$//; s/$/.000Z/')
+        fi
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -z "$created" ]]; then
+        created=$(date -r "$path" -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000Z')
+    fi
+
+    modified=$(date -r "$path" -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.000Z')
+
+    echo "$created"
+    echo "$modified"
+}
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Upload a single file
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+upload_file() {
+    local file="$1"
+    local api_key="$2"
+    local filename
+    filename=$(basename "$file")
+    local checksum
+    checksum=$(file_sha1 "$file")
+
+    local fileCreatedAt fileModifiedAt
+    local timestamps
+    timestamps=$(file_timestamps "$file")
+    fileCreatedAt=$(echo "$timestamps" | sed -n '1p')
+    fileModifiedAt=$(echo "$timestamps" | sed -n '2p')
+
+    info "Uploading: $filename"
+
+    local response tmpfile
+    tmpfile=$(mktemp)
+    trap "rm -f $tmpfile" RETURN
+
+    local http_code
+    http_code=$(curl -s -o "$tmpfile" -w '%{http_code}' -X POST \
+        -H "x-api-key: $api_key" \
+        -H "x-immich-checksum: $checksum" \
+        -F "assetData=@$file" \
+        -F "fileCreatedAt=$fileCreatedAt" \
+        -F "fileModifiedAt=$fileModifiedAt" \
+        -F "filename=$filename" \
+        -F "deviceAssetId=$checksum" \
+        -F "deviceId=immich-upload-cli" \
+        "$IMMICH_URL/api/assets" 2>/dev/null) || { http_code="000"; }
+
+    if [[ "$http_code" == "200" ]]; then
+        info "  Skipped (duplicate): $filename"
+    elif [[ "$http_code" == "201" ]]; then
+        info "  Uploaded: $filename"
+    elif [[ "$http_code" == "000" ]]; then
+        warn "  Failed to upload: $filename (curl error)"
+    else
+        warn "  Unexpected response $http_code for: $filename"
+        cat "$tmpfile" >&2 || true
+    fi
+
+    rm -f "$tmpfile"
+}
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Bulk upload with duplicate checking
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bulk_upload() {
+    local api_key="$1"
+    local files_list="$2"
+
+    local total missing_count
+    total=$(wc -l < "$files_list")
+
+    # Compute SHA1 for each file and build the bulk check JSON
+    local check_json tmp_json tmp_missing
+    tmp_json=$(mktemp)
+    tmp_missing=$(mktemp)
+
+    info "Computing SHA1 checksums for $total file(s)..."
+    while IFS= read -r file; do
+        local checksum
+        checksum=$(file_sha1 "$file")
+        printf '%s\t%s\n' "$checksum" "$file" >> "$tmp_json"
+    done < "$files_list"
+
+    # Build the bulk-upload-check JSON
+    {
+        echo '{"assets":['
+        local first=1
+        while IFS=$'\t' read -r checksum file; do
+            [[ "$first" -eq 1 ]] || echo ','
+            printf '{"id":"%s","checksum":"%s"}' "$file" "$checksum"
+            first=0
+        done < "$tmp_json"
+        echo ']}'
+    } > "$tmp_json.json"
+
+    info "Checking for duplicates on server..."
+    local response
+    response=$(curl -sf -X POST \
+        -H "x-api-key: $api_key" \
+        -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+        -d @"$tmp_json.json" \
+        "$IMMICH_URL/api/assets/bulk-upload-check" 2>/dev/null) || die "bulk-upload-check failed"
+
+    # Parse the response to find which files are duplicates.
+    # Response: { "results": [{ "id": "...", "action": "reject", "reason": "duplicate", ... }] }
+    local resp_file
+    resp_file=$(mktemp)
+    echo "$response" > "$resp_file"
+    python3 -c "
+import json, sys
+try:
+    with open('$resp_file') as f:
+        d = json.load(f)
+    for r in d.get('results', []):
+        if r.get('action') == 'reject' and r.get('reason') == 'duplicate':
+            print(r['id'])
+except Exception:
+    pass
+" > "$tmp_missing.exists"
+    rm -f "$resp_file"
+
+    # Build the missing files list
+    while IFS=$'\t' read -r checksum file; do
+        if ! grep -Fxq "$file" "$tmp_missing.exists"; then
+            echo "$file" >> "$tmp_missing"
+        fi
+    done < "$tmp_json"
+
+    missing_count=$(wc -l < "$tmp_missing" | awk '{print $1}')
+    local dup_count=$(( total - missing_count ))
+    info "Found $dup_count duplicate(s), $missing_count file(s) to upload"
+
+    if [[ "$missing_count" -eq 0 ]]; then
+        info "Nothing to upload."
+        rm -f "$tmp_json" "$tmp_json.json" "$tmp_missing" "$tmp_missing.exists"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    # Upload missing files
+    local n=0
+    while IFS= read -r file; do
+        ((n++)) || true
+        echo "[$n/$missing_count] $file"
+        upload_file "$file" "$api_key"
+    done < "$tmp_missing"
+
+    rm -f "$tmp_json" "$tmp_json.json" "$tmp_missing" "$tmp_missing.exists"
+}
+
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Main
+# ------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+main() {
+    if [[ $# -ne 1 ]]; then
+        die "Usage: $(basename "$0") <file_or_directory>"
+    fi
+
+    local src="$1"
+
+    if [[ ! -e "$src" ]]; then
+        die "Path does not exist: $src"
+    fi
+
+    if [[ ! -r "$src" ]]; then
+        die "Path is not readable: $src"
+    fi
+
+    if [[ ! -f "$API_KEY_FILE" ]]; then
+        die "API key file not found: $API_KEY_FILE"
+    fi
+
+    local api_key
+    api_key=$(cat "$API_KEY_FILE")
+    if [[ -z "$api_key" ]]; then
+        die "API key file is empty: $API_KEY_FILE"
+    fi
+
+    if [[ -f "$src" ]]; then
+        # Single file upload
+        info "Uploading single file: $src"
+        upload_file "$src" "$api_key"
+    elif [[ -d "$src" ]]; then
+        # Directory: collect image files recursively
+        local files_list
+        files_list=$(mktemp)
+        trap "rm -f $files_list" EXIT
+
+        info "Scanning directory: $src"
+        find "$src" -type f -regextype posix-extended -iregex ".*$IMAGE_EXTENSIONS" -print > "$files_list"
+
+        local count
+        count=$(wc -l < "$files_list" | awk '{print $1}')
+        if [[ "$count" -eq 0 ]]; then
+            die "No image files found in: $src"
+        fi
+        info "Found $count image file(s)"
+
+        bulk_upload "$api_key" "$files_list"
+        rm -f "$files_list"
+    else
+        die "Unsupported path type: $src"
+    fi
+}
+
+main "$@"